Sunday, September 28, 2008

Harty pg 167-207

Part 4
Reports and Other Long Documents
report- variety of documents that vary in form and purpose
Formal reports- multi-part format, used to present the results of a detailed project (cover letter, abstract, table of contents, glosary, introduction, discussion, conclusions and recommendations, attachments)
informal reports- shorter, consist of essential items (introduction, discussion, conclusions, recommendations)
- reports are action-oriented based on audience
Types-
1)layperson
2)executive
3)expert
4)technician
5)operator
Audience Analysis: The Problem and a Solution
communication situation- involves writer, message, audience
- many writers ignore the audience component
false assumption- that the person addressed is the audience
Audience Components and Problems They Pose
- must understand how your audience poses a problem
- analyze audience- design report structure
3 types of Audiences:
- horizontal- exist on each level
- vertical- between levels
- external- exists when any unit interacts with a separate organization
A Method for Systematic Audience Analysis
- audiences derived from organization charts is abstract/unspecific
3 Steps of Audience Analysis:
1) Prepare an Egocentric Organization Chart
- identifies specific individuals rather than complex organizational units
- categorizes people in terms of their proximity to the report writer rather than in terms of their hierarchical relationship to the report writer (picture page 177)
- this step must be particularized for each report
2) Characterize the Individual Report Readers
- in terms of operational, objective, and personal characteristics
- operational- identify significant differences between his or her role and yours; how will your report affect his/her role?
- objective- specific, relevant, background data about the person, ex: educational background
- personal- taking name of role and age into consideration
3) Classify Audiences in Terms of How They Will Use Your Report
- trace communication routes on your egocentric organization chart, add other routes not on the chart
- think about the consequences of the report
Assign priorities to your audiences:
Primary- who make decisions or act on the basis of the information a report contains
Secondary- who are affected by the decisions and actions
Immediate- who route the report or transmit the information it contains
What to Report
- technical reports can aid in decisions-making
What Management Looks for In Engineering Reports
- pertinent facts and competent opinions that will aid him in decision making
- summary should convey 3 kinds of facts:
1) what the report is about;
- define the problem
- set forth objectives
- reasons for doing the work
- conclusions and recommendations
2) the significance and implications of the work
3) the action called for
Subject Matter Interest
Managers are interested in:
1) Technical problems
2) New projects and products
3) Experiments and tests
4) matierals and processes
5) field troubles
Level of Presentation
- technical and detail level depends on the reader and his use of the material
- management never has the same knowledge of and familiarity with the specific problem being report that the writer has
- therefore, write at a technical level suitable for a reader whose educational and experience background is in a field different from his own
Management Responsibilities
1) Define the project and the required reports
2) Provide proper perspective for the project and the required reporting
3) See that effective reports are submitted on time
4) See that the reports are properly distributed
The Writing of Abstracts
- most important section, two purposes:
1) provides the specialist in the field with enough information about the report to permit him to decide whether he could read it with profit
2) provides the administrator or executive with enough knowledge about what has been done in the study or project and with what results to satisfy most of his administrative needs
- descriptive abstract and informative abstract respectively
Guidelines for effective abstract:
1) Your abstract must include enough specific information about the project or study to satisfy most of the administrative needs of a busy executive.
2) Your abstract must be a self-contained unit, a complete report-in-miniature.
3) Your abstract must be short. (Length defeats the purpose.)
4) Your abstract must be written in fluent, easy-to-read prose.
5) Your abstract must be consistent in tone and emphases with the report paper, but it does not need to follow the arrangement, wording, or proportion of the original.
6) Your abstract should make the widest possible use of abbreviations and numerals, but it must not contain any tables or illustrations.
Ten Report Writing Pitfalls: How to Avoid Them
1) Ignoring Your Audience
2) Writing to Impress
- Don't assume that words that are familiar to you are easily recognized by your readers.
- also includes unnecessary detail and technical trivia
3) Having More Than One Aim
4) Being Inconsistent
- Be very familiar with topic.
- includes style, formatting
5) Overqualifying
- using too many modifiers: adjectives, clauses, phrases, etc.
- avoid obscure facts
6) Not Defining
- Clarify words.
- Common words are used in science with other than their common meaning
- Terms needs to be defined.
7) Misintroducing
8) Dazzling with Data
- Know what to leave out.
- Evaluate relevancy of material.
9) Not Highlighting
- Accent only significant elements, findings, illustrations, data, tests, facts, trends, procedures, etc.
10) Not Rewriting
- Don't stop at draft.
-

Thursday, September 25, 2008

Project Proposal

Executive Summary: Clemson students, residents, and visitors are unaware of the unique, local restaurants in the area. In order to inform them, we will create a restaurant database website. The website will include our standardized reviews of each restaurant. As a group of three college students from different backgrounds, our reviews will be diverse and offer different perspectives on the types and quality of food available at each restaurant. Our website will help the Clemson community become knowledgeable about their dining options and enhance the quality of their overall dining experience.
Although Clemson students, local residents, and visitors frequent restaurants in downtown Clemson, they are unaware of the remotely located, less commercial restaurants in the Clemson area. They need to know about these restaurants in order to make well informed, appropriate decisions when dining out. We will help them become ideal, knowledgeable consumers by creating a restaurant database website detailing locations, prices, and menu items of local restaurants. Students tend to pick the most convenient, closest restaurant without any regard to the cuisine. Due to the fast paced culture of the college-based community, we seem to settle when it comes to meals. However, help is on the way. As three Clemson college students ourselves, we plan to provide a solution to this dining dilemma. In our project, we plan to visit a variety of restaurants all in different price ranges with various atmospheres. On our visits, the three of us will formulate separate ratings for each restaurant based on a standardized system. In order to make our views on each restaurant open to the public, we will create a website with menus of all of the restaurants as well as a write up of our reviews and ratings. The website will be a restaurant database. To add to the creative nature of our idea, we will include a multimedia presentation in the form of a video on the website. We feel as though we are qualified to present our ratings to our audience, because we are three different people with three different perspectives and backgrounds. We all have different tastes and will be sampling a variety of the cuisines offered in all of the restaurants. Most important of all we are all three Clemson college students ourselves; therefore, we understand the atmosphere of Clemson and the mindsets of our viewers when it comes to price, time, and distance. As typical college students, time is always an issue when it comes to projects. Therefore, in order to ensure that our project is organized, we developed a timeline to help guide us in our steps. The goal of our project is to help Clemson college students, residents, and visitors become aware of the many different options open to us when it comes to dining out and to help us become knowledgeable about the different types and quality of food available at these restaurants.
Due to this lack of awareness in the Clemson community, there is a definite need for a restaurant database accessible to Clemson students, residents, and visitors. There are many restaurants in Clemson, Seneca, Anderson, and Central that are completely unknown to campus dwellers and alumni. In the small town atmosphere of Clemson, SC, restaurants are found in several remote locations. It could take years for a student to become aware of some of the most delectable restaurants in Clemson and the surrounding area. Since Clemson is a college-based town, nearly all students live on campus or close to campus. Therefore, most students tend to eat at nearby downtown restaurants very frequently because they are not aware of others. Some hidden treasures of ultimate cuisine are unknown to the majority of Clemson residents.
Also, when people visit Clemson to tour the school, spend time with their children, or attend a sporting event, they are unsure of where to eat. Most people only eat in the most obvious restaurants downtown. Alumni also return to visit Clemson and are unaware of new restaurants that have recently opened or been renovated. Alumni and visitors are also interested in dining in restaurants that are unique to Clemson, not necessarily chains that they can find in their home towns. A website would be an ideal way to lead the consumer to the most appropriate restaurant for their dining occasion. Students are looking for economical, quick choices for their daily meals. An upscale restaurant may also be desired when students are going on dates or dining out with their relatives. This website would meet these needs by allowing students to navigate through our price range categories to find a restaurant that is delicious and appropriate for their occasion. Our rating system and reviews of the restaurants would also help students choose a restaurant that they know will be tasty, have great service, an enjoyable atmosphere, and appropriate formality for the occasion at hand.
In order to achieve our goal of helping the Clemson community become knowledgeable and aware of different restaurants, we have laid out a developed plan. First, we will begin by visiting each of the sixteen restaurants that we have selected to review in this project. These include: Goober's, Calhoun Corners, Sardi's, Pixie and Bill's, Paw's, Mac's, Monterrey's, Mellow Mushroom, Atami, Blue Heron, Friend's Cafe, Mainstreet Cafe, Seneca Family Restaurant, Ancheaux's, Tigertown Tavern, Copper River Grill. At the restaurants we will all order a different meal in order to get a good representation of the restaurant’s food. We will review each restaurant on the quality of food, wait time, service, etc. according to a pre-established rating system. We will choose a widely-used and accredited rating system before visiting the restaurants after much research. At the restaurant we will get a menu in order to scan and post on our website so that the audience has easy access to prices, location, and the type of food offered at each restaurant.
In addition to our own opinions, we will get reviews from others who have eaten at each restaurant. In order to have a variety of reviews, we will collect information from on-campus and off-campus students, faculty and staff, alumni, and visitors. We will ask those that we encounter at the restaurant. We will combine our reviews as well as the reviews of others in order to give each restaurant an overall review.
During this time of restaurant visiting, we will also be setting up the website to feature all of our gathered information. We will attend a website workshop at Clemson Computing and Information Technology (CCIT) in order to learn how to set one up and how to add different components to it so that it will be professional. We will have a home page that describes exactly what our purpose is, who we are, who our target audience is, and how we went about obtaining our findings. There will also be a table of contents. The restaurants will be organized into price ranges because we figure that this is the best way to technically organize the types of restaurants and the most useful way for the audience to navigate the page. We will divide the restaurants into low, medium, and upper price ranges. Each restaurant will have its own link and page. Each page will have a written review by the three of us as well as the combined calculated rating of our scores and the scores of others. The pages will also feature quotes from customers, a copy of the menu, and pictures in order to make the page visually attractive and interesting.
As we finish with the restaurant visits and continue to revise the website, we will also make a video highlighting the top five best-rated restaurants in order to incorporate a multimedia component. We will upload the videos onto the website for the audience to view. We will continue to revise the home page and each restaurant’s individual page until we are satisfied with the end product.
As Clemson University students, Brittany Jones, Brennan Palazola, and I are qualified to prepare this end product of a restaurant database website, which will help others choose a great restaurant. Brittany is a South Carolina resident and her parents regularly visit Clemson. Brennan is from Tennessee and has two siblings that attended Clemson. I am from Tennessee and both of my parents and grandparents are Clemson alumni. As three students with different backgrounds and experiences, we can rate the restaurants objectively as they best suit our experiences and needs. Also, as third-year students, we are familiar with restaurants that may be well-kept secrets and student favorites. We also know which restaurants are great for game days, special occasions, and everyday dining on a student’s budget. Also, we have lived on-campus and off-campus and know which restaurants are convenient for both living styles.
We are planning to visit and rate sixteen restaurants before the completion of this project. We have already visited one restaurant, and we are beginning to acquire menus and price lists. Our first step toward completion of our project will be to learn how to create a website by meeting with technicians at CCIT on Wednesday, October 1. We will have the website completely designed by October 16. Although we may not have dined in every restaurant at this point, we would like to have them all loaded on the website, with or without ratings. We will have all of our ratings completed by the end of October. We will spend the first week of November working on the multimedia aspect of our project. We will film, edit, and post videos from our top five restaurant picks. We would like to interview managers, customers, or employees if possible. We will spend the rest of November revising and tweaking our website to make it most convenient for users. Our project will be complete and refined by the final due date in early December.
In early December, the Clemson community will have a great resource to help with all of our dining out decisions. Due to a lack of awareness and knowledge, Clemson students, residents, and visitors often have difficulty in making the best decision when it comes to a restaurant choice. However, our website will guide them to the best option reducing stress and opening eyes to unknown eateries. As three Clemson residents, we understand our community and hope to broaden its culinary outlook. Once our website is complete, Clemson students, residents, and visitors will never have to fret over where to eat again because the ultimate guide to quality and choice of restaurants in the immediate area will just be a click away.

Sunday, September 21, 2008

Reading Assignment 3- Harty pg. 115-167

Part 3- Business and Technical Correspondence
- the letter, the memo, the email
- correspondence should be appropriate to writing situation
disadvantage of email- mistakes or misstatements can quickly reach many people across the globe
Making Your Correspondence Get Results
- persuade readers by showing them it will be with their while to hold your point of view
- letters should appeal to emotions
- make letters as personal as possible
Mastering Tone- ex: rejection- "let the reader down gently" and leave the door open for future business
- many examples of negative and positive statements
- to make letters more conversational, rid the letter of worn-out business phrases
Ex: "At a later date" vs. "later"
"I Have Some Bad News for You"
1) remind you that the successful manager is people-sensitive, able to empathize with others
2) remember that bad news is best delivered face to face
- Indirect (reasons first) and Direct (reasons after) methods of conveying bad news
How to Write Better Memos
Functions:
- informing people of a problem pr situation
- nailing down responsibility for action, and a deadline for it
- establishing a file record of decisions, agreements, and policies
Organization
- What are the facts?
- What do they mean?
- What do we do now?
Important Literary Qualities: Clarity, human approach, reflect diplomacy (political savvy)
Format details- pg 134
How To Use Bottom-Line Writing in Corporate Communications
Bad Advice: "Be brief!"
- comprehension is key.
- use direct organizational pattern
- Social upbringing, educational programming, indoctrination into anxiety have lead to the backward approach that is commonly used in writing
What can be done differently?
- People recognize and refect their social and educational programming for being circuitous in all non-sensitive writing situations.
- People learn to write efficiently.
- People must develop the self-confidence necessaryt o send bottom-line message upward in nonsensitive (or slightly sensitive) messages.
E-Mail: Presenting a Professional Image
How to:
- Use active, concise, specific language and plain English that communicate clearly and accurately
- examples of passive and active, pg 147
- use plain English.
- use only one word for an idea and avoid unnecessary repetition
- Write grammatically correct sentences that convey complete thoughts and flow smoothly
- Use short, simple, focused sentences and good grammar
Problems with email messages:
- misused modifiers
- incomplete sentences
- awkward and overly long sentences
- incorrect subject-verb agreement
- incorrect and unclear use of pronouns
ex: that, which, who
- Use gender-neutral language when possible
ex: use he and she
- Avoid common errors of punctuation
ex: use commas, semicolons, etc.
- Use exclamation marks sparingly
ex: its vs. it's
- Don't overuse parentheses.

Thursday, September 18, 2008

Rough Draft- Project Proposal

Most college students, residents, and visitors to Clemson are unaware of the multitude of options that are open to them when it comes to dining. We tend to pick the most convenient, closet restaurant without any regard to the cuisine. Due to the fast pace culture of the college-based community, we seem to settle when it comes to meals. However, help is on the way. As three Clemson college students ourselves, we plan to provide a solution to this dining dilemma. In our project, we plan to visit a variety of restaurants all in different price ranges with various atmospheres. On our visits, the three of us will formulate separate ratings for each restaurant based on a standardized system. In order to make our views on each restaurant open to the public, we will create a website with menus of all of the restaurants as well as a write up of our reviews and ratings. The website will be a restaurant database. To add to the creative nature of our idea, we will include a multimedia presentation in the form of a video on the website. We feel as though we are qualified to present our ratings to our peers, because we are three different people with three different perspectives and backgrounds. We all have different tastes and will be sampling a variety of the cuisines offered in all of the restaurants. Most importantly of all we are all three Clemson college students ourselves; therefore, we understand the atmosphere of Clemson and the mindsets of our viewers when it comes to price, time, and distance. As typical college students, time is always an issue when it comes to projects. Therefore, in order to ensure that our project is organized, we developed a timeline to help guide us in our steps. The goal of our project is to help Clemson college students, residents, and visitors become aware of the many different options open to us when it comes to dining out and to help us become
knowledgeable about the different types and quality of food available at these restaurants.

Due to this lack of awareness in the Clemson community, there is a definite need for a restaurant database accessible to Clemson students, residents, and visitors. There are many restaurants in Clemson, Seneca, Anderson, and Central that are completely unknown to campus dwellers and alumni. In the small town atmosphere of Clemson, SC, restaurants are found in several remote locations. It could take years for a student to become aware of some of the most delectable restaurants in Clemson and the surrounding area. Since Clemson is a college-based town, most students tend to live on campus or close to campus. Therefore, most students tend to eat at nearby downtown restaurants very frequently because they are not aware of others. Some hidden treasures of ultimate cuisine are unknown to the majority of Clemson residents.

Also, when people visit Clemson to tour the school, spend time with their children, or attend a sporting event, they are unsure of where to eat. Most people only eat in the most obvious restaurants downtown. Alumni also return to visit Clemson and are unaware of new restaurants that have recently opened or been renovated. Alumni and visitors are also interested in dining in restaurants that are unique to Clemson, not necessarily chains that they can find in their home towns. A website would be an ideal way to lead the consumer to the most appropriate restaurant for their dining occasion. Students are looking for economical, quick choices for their daily meals. An upscale restaurant may also be desired when students are going on dates or dining out with their relatives. This website would meet these needs by allowing students to navigate through our price range categories to find a restaurant that is delicious and appropriate for their occasion. Our rating system and reviews of the restaurants would also help students choose a restaurant that they know will be tasty, have great service, an enjoyable atmosphere, and appropriate formality for the occasion at hand.

In order to achieve our goal of helping the Clemson community become knowledgeable and aware of different restaurants, we have laid out a developed plan. First, we will begin by visiting each of the 16 restaurants that we have selected to review in this project. These include: Goober's, Calhoun Corners, Sardi's, Pixie and Bill's, Paw's, Mac's, Monterrey's, Mellow Mushroom, Atami, Blue Heron, Friend's Cafe, Mainstreet Cafe, Seneca Family Restaurant, Ancheaux's, Tigertown Tavern, Copper River Grill. At the restaurants we will all order a different meal in order to get a good representation of the restaurant’s food. We will review each restaurant on the quality of food, wait time, service, etc. according to a pre-established rating system. We will choose a widely-used and accredited rating system before visiting the restaurants after much research. At the restaurant we will get a menu in order to scan and post on our website so that the audience has easy access to prices, location, and the type of food offered at each restaurant.

In addition to our own opinions, we will get reviews from others who have eaten at each restaurant. In order to have a variety of reviews, we will collect information from on-campus and off-campus students, faculty and staff, alumni, and visitors. We will ask those that we encounter at the restaurant. We will combine our reviews as well as the reviews of others in order to give each restaurant an overall review.

During this time of restaurant visiting, we will also be setting up the website to feature all of our gathered information. We will attend a website workshop on Wednesday, September 25 in order to learn how to set one up and how to add different components to it so that it will be professional. We will have a home page that describes exactly what our purpose is, who we are, who our target audience is, and how we went about obtaining our findings. There will also be a table of contents. The restaurants will be organized into price ranges because we figure that this is the best way to technically organize the types of restaurants and the most useful way for the audience to navigate the page. We will divide the restaurants into low, medium, and upper price ranges. Each restaurant will have its own link and page. Each page will have a written review by the three of us as well as the combined calculated rating of our scores and the scores of others. The pages will also feature quotes from customers, a copy of the menu, and pictures in order to make the page visually attractive and interesting.

As we finish with the restaurant visits and continue to revise the website, we will also make a video highlighting the top five best-rated restaurants in order to incorporate a multimedia component. We will upload the videos onto the website for the audience to view. We will continue to revise the home page and each restaurant’s individual page until we are satisfied with the end product.

As Clemson University students, Brittany Jones, Brennan Palazola, and I are qualified to prepare this end product of a restaurant database website, which will help others choose a great restaurant. Brittany is a South Carolina resident and her parents regularly visit Clemson. Brennan is from Tennessee and has two siblings that attended Clemson. I am from Tennessee and both of my parents are grandparents are Clemson alumni. As three students with different backgrounds and experiences, we can rate the restaurants objectively as they best suit our experiences and needs. Also, as third-year students, we are familiar with restaurants that may be well-kept secrets and student favorites. We also know which restaurants are great for game days, special occasions, and everyday dining on a student’s budget. Also, we have lived on-campus and off-campus and know which restaurants are convenient for both living styles.

We are planning to visit and rate sixteen restaurants throughout before completion of this project. We have already visited one restaurant and our beginning to acquire menus and price lists. Our first step toward completion of our project will be to learn how to create a website by meeting with technicians at the campus technology center, CCIT. We will meet at 10:15 AM on Wednesday, September 24. We will have the website completely designed by October 16. Although we may not have dined in every restaurant at this point, we would like to have them all loaded on the website, with or without ratings. We will have all of our ratings completed by the end of October. We will spend the first week of November working on the multimedia aspect of our project. We will film, edit, and post videos from our top five restaurant picks. We would like to interview managers, customers, or employees if possible. We will spend the rest of November revising and tweaking our website to make it most convenient for users. Our project will be complete and refined by the final due date in early December.

In early December, the Clemson community will have a great resource to help with all of our dining out decisions. Due to a lack of awareness and knowledge, Clemson students, residents, and visitors often have difficulty in making the best decision when it comes to a restaurant choice. However, our website will guide them to the best option reducing stress and opening eyes to hidden eateries before unknown. As three Clemson residents, we understand our community and hope to broaden its culinary outlook. Once our website is complete, Clemson students, residents, and visitors will never have to fret over where to eat again because the ultimate guide to quality and choice of restaurants in the immediate area will just be a click away.

Monday, September 15, 2008

Second Reading Assignment p1-38 in Ethics

Chapter 1- Nature of Ethics
- lists many examples of where ethics can be found in technical writing and in institutions
- Ethics- making judgments about values
- Values shape communication technology
- The World Wide Web treats all users equally.
- privacy, ownership of information, copyright, access, freedom of speech, personal and national security
- Ethical responsibilities involved in technical communication: relay faithfully information between transmitter and receiver (in the past)
- Ethics have changed in tech. writing:
- We have responsibility to: be familiar with and use latest technology of communication and understand broad influence of technology and science throughout society
Why Study Ethics?
- What is the right thing to do?
- Do we really know why we make the choices we do?
- Socrates, "The unexamined life is not worth living."
- self-awareness will lead to judgments that are more satisfying
What is Ethics?
- ethics is only about ourselves
- No experts. We are our own expert and authority on ethics.
Our Expectations
- Explain what ethics is not.
- cannot even be captured through personal responsibility- because we are influenced by others
Assumptions
1) Ethics is problematic. It is about problems whose solutions are unclear.
2) Ethics is individual and social.
3) Ethics is neither absolutely or relative entirely.
4) You should not blindly accept or reject authority of others in ethical matters.
5) No ethical approach is best for all situations.
Perspectives
Aristotle
Kant
Utilitarianism
Feminist/Care-based
Scope
narrow scope- how ethics relate to technical communication in ways that are not apparent or not obvious
Organization
Chapter 2- how ethics has been tied to communication and rhetoric throughout history
Chapter 3- principal ethical theories of European-American tradition, Kant, Aristotle, utilitarianism, etc.
Chapter 4-7- apply ethical ehtories to real major ethical dilemmas of recent times
Chapter 8- presents hypothetical cases
Terminology
- ethical will be used in place of ethical and moral
absolute- definite, unchanging, inflexible, applying to many situations in the same way
relative- changing in relation to circumstances
Chapter 2- Survey of Ethics in Communication and Rhetoric
We will explore:
- nature of right and wrong
- sources of our standards for ethical judgement (human, natural, metaphysical, or divine)
- individual vs. social interests
- significance of intent
- reasoned deliberateness vs. emotional impulsiveness
- the role of rhetoric and persuasion in the social negotiation of value judgements
Rhetoric- the use of reasoned arguments based on socially accepted values and presented to inform and persuade in order to accomplish some socially desirable action such as a policy decision
persuasion- the willing, informed collective agreement of a critically thinking audience

Limitations of History
- historical discussions cannot resolve issues once and for all
- study of history of ethics cannot give us universal solutions for our ethical dilemmas

Ethics and Rhetoric Linked
- technical communication is rhetorical and always has to do with ethics and values
Classical Greece
- roots of rhetoric
for Plato- ethical values come before communication
for Aristotle- communication between competing sides on a controversial matter reveals the proper values and the right course of action
Plato and Socrates
Plato- founder of philosophy- matter of discovering and pursuing truth, goodness, and rightness
Plato- ethics are unchangable
Socrates- continued to conduct social criticism and was put on trial for it and condemned to deathed
Socrates is important for 3 reasons:
1) insisted on doing the right thing regardless of consequences
2) ethics is a matter of pleasing god
3) ethical behavior requires active social involvement
- Plato was Socrates pupil
- Plato's theory was religious and absolutist
most important contribution to the history of rhetoric- his insistence on the ethical goodness of the communicator
Aristotle
- Plato's student
- maintained that ethics stem from the divinely ordained nature of things
- "Rhetoric may be defined as the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion."
- viewed ethics as virtue, whether personal or corporate
Sophists
- most things written about them were critical and hostile
- claimed to have the power to make weaker case appear stronger and the worse case seem the better
- held cultural relativist position on ethical values- values are relative and depend on circumstances
Attributed to sophists- Gorgias- famous for his ability to persuade through communication
- For Plato- ethics and rhetoric are closely tied; ethics comes first; the purpose of rhetoric is to serve ethics
- For Sophists- also closely tied, but rhetoric comes first because it allows negotiation and persuasion that define social values
Recent Times
- Plato's views influenced the Christian Church
- ethics had to do with truths
- rhetoric had to do with false, insubstantial appearances
Hegel
- opposition to prevailing view that all knowledge, especially about values, was absolute and had to be arrived at by revelation to accepted authorities
Perleman
- explored social contigency of values and fundamental role of rhetoric in establishing values
Burke
- insisted on language use guided by carefully weighted judgement
- understood language to be a symbol system
Weaver
- known for his modern explanation of the role of ethics in communication
- value was foundation for rhetoric
Rhetoric, Knowledge, and Values
Gates- notion that values and rhetoric are related to power and social dominance within a culture
Foucault- centrality of discourse in society
discourse- broad collection of language use within a society
- he also said that power, language use, and knowledge are closely interconnected
ex: legal code
Keller- philosopher of science- pointed out how thoroughly the scientific frame of mind has pervaded our thoughts and values
Lyotard- considers science and technology as parallel pieces in a single grand story about hte way the world is and the way we should live in it
Topics for Papers and Discussion- see page 32


Tuesday, September 9, 2008

First Reading Assignment- 3 Talking Points

Problems with Language

1) After reading Humpty Dumpty's quote- Do words mean only what we want them to mean? or do they always have concrete or implied meanings?

2) Technical writing- We are writing to inform rather than impress. Is this different from other types of writing? Should we always use this philosophy?

3) Gobbledygook can supposedly be found in government, legal talk, and academic talk. Are we guilty of gobbledygook? -using up to 10 words in place of 1?

4) Although we have talked about several lengthy forms of technical writing in class, we haven't discussed the simpler documents that can be found in every job that stem from technical writing. ex: memo, business letter, administrative report, financial analysis, marketing proposal, note to the boss, fax, and post-it. Can the ability to write execute these forms of technical writing help you advance in your field?

5) The book suggests that if you work for an institution, whatever your job or level, be yourself when you write. This will help you stand out. How can we accomplish that in college when most of our writing is very structured?

Wednesday, September 3, 2008

Brainstorming Project Idea

Brittany Jones, Brennan Palazola, and I are planning on working together on the project that we are starting. Our favorite idea so far is a restaurant guide to Clemson, or a guide to stores and restaurants in Clemson. It would be technical because there will be a table of contents and the restaurants will be categorized and numerically rated. We could visit the restaurants and choose our favorite dishes to recommend, while rating the overall restaurants. We can also gather quotes from students and professors on campus as a part of our research. Many families do not know where to eat when they come to Clemson and new students do not know where to eat when they first arrive. A restaurant guide would also outline traditional places to eat that are "well-kept secrets," such as Paw's Diner, Mac's, and Sardi's Den. Because Brittany, Brennan, and I are all science majors, we were looking for a topic that is enjoyable and different from what we do in all of our other classes. We will continue to look into other ideas that are creative, useful, and different.

Brainstorming Notes 9/2

1) College Late Night Cookbook- limited ingredients; technical aspects--> table of contents, intro, technical book format
2) Gameday Traditions in Clemson- insiders guide to being a fan, website directed to visitors and fans, pictures, ritualistic lists, from sunrise til sundown
3) Business Plan- annual report, contact small company volunteer some of their reports
4) Medical Procedures- type of writing they do in their everyday work, interview a physician, differences in fellowships and residency programs within the Medical profession, coswt analysis
5) Profession Guide- from an undergraduate perspective, how to jump through the correct "hoops" to get into graduate school or obtain a particular job out of college, road map of sorts, make a film or website
6) Technical Research Documents- medical journals, analysis, taxes, will, investment documents
7) Non-Profit Organization- what needs they may have, link up, some sort of survey report whether their information is being correctly communicated to their audience
8) "How to" document- any genre, sports, outdoor activities, depending on your interests, rules of Golf, how to read music, how to learn guitar, how to computer software, how to fly fish, incorporate a video, how to apply to Medical school and undergraduate programs, how to create a gaming comp., how to backpack through Europe, how to build an investment portfolio, good places to hike in and around Clemson, start off your finances after college, where and why to invest
9) Evaluations of Different Schools Admission Materials- from a student's perspectives
10) Legal Documentation- how to, process behind, talk to Lawyers
11) Resume Building- video resume, more than just a word document, taking advantage of media technology, broaden your appeal
12) Off Campus Housing Advertising- pros and cons, market analysis
13) Rate My Professor- more in depth, what professors to take in order to improve the students' learning
14) Medical Research- genetics
15) Evaluation of Medical Product Reviews-
16) Guide to Studying Abroad- different steps, etc. to making it work financially, academically and socially, create a website